Extensions: Mark Plotkin, "Shaman's Apprentice" || Zapotec farming

Survival Test: Which plants in Minnesota are edible?
Answers.
1. early Egyptian plow [James Burke, Connections]
2. multiple centers of agricultural origins [Jared Diamond, 1997, Fig. 5.1]
   food efficiencies [Paula Gepts, UC Davis]
   fowl & swine: disease carriers
   Bushmen: hunter-gatherers
3. cultivation: use of dams to increase marshland for nutgrass []
4. domestication: increase in seed size from wild to domseticated millet [Univ. of Wisconsin]
5. domesticated dog and wolf relative from Asia [Science]
   African cattle
6. sedentism?: Chimps migrating through home range
   records of early Egyptian farming [Brian Brake, Photo Researchers, Inc.]
   Fulani of Western Africa
7. early culture -- Mayan site
   map of expanding geographical distribution of wheat [J. Diamond, Science]

8. kente cloth, Ghana, Africa
   early artifact from S. Africa [U. of Arizona]
   metal sculptures from Benin
   stone structures of the Great Zimbabwe
9. granary, Niger [Patrica Stoll] and granary door [Dick Meier, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]
   sorghum and millet
10. Western farming
    monoculture
    poor soil
    dry climate
    insect pests
    disease
11. intercropping of Leucana and cowpea [Erick Fernandes, Cornell Univ. and Univ. of Georgia Ethnoecology BioDiversity Lab]
12. Acacia agroforestry [CW Fagg]
13. African biomes [USDA]

14. drying cassava at a Ghana market [Evelyn Nijveldt]
15. some chemical defenses [Scientific American]
16. Nigerian nono (fermented milk) [Gloria Emeagwali]
    other fermented foods

17. cassava [Univ. of Witwatersrand and IITA]
18. map of cassava migration [IITA]
19. cassava harvest [ISCAR]
20. peeling cassava [ISCAR]
21. cassava root & processing

22. the Iceman and his fungus
23. medicinal herb seller, Abidjan, Cote d"Ivoire [People and Plants Online]
24. "active ingredients" in traditional herbal medicines [People and Plants Online] and apprentice healer from Twasa collecting bulbs
25. ingredients for the traditional healing in China
26. ingredients for the traditional healer in Ghana [Joao Silva, AP Photo]
27. Ifa divination pieces [tray, tapper from Metropolitan Museum of Art; opele -- Chuck Berman, Chicago Tribune]